Levels of Adiponectin and GDF-15 in Adult Male Cigarette Smokers in Nnewi Metropolis
Published: 2020-08-22
Page: 25-34
Issue: 2020 - Volume 3 [Issue 1]
P. O. Manafa
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
O. Okoye
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
O. Ekuma- Okereke
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
R. S. Ebugosi
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
G. O. Chukwuma
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
N. C. Ibeh
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
R. C. Chukwuanukwu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
V. I. Manafa
Pathology Department, Clinical Biochemistry, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom.
K. E. Nwene
Center for Clinical Research in Nigeria, Enugu State, Nigeria.
C. E. Onah
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
O. S. Ogbuowelu
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is the most abundant adipokine in human plasma that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. On the other hand, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) is a stress responsive cytokine linked to obesity-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer.
Aim: This was a cross sectional study designed to evaluate the serum levels of adiponectin and GDF-15 in adult adult male cigarette smokers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 subjects comprising 40 smokers and 40 non-smokers within the age range of 18 to 60 years were selected for this study. Serum levels of adiponectin and GDF-15 were determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
Results: The mean value of adiponectin was significantly lower (p<0.05) among smokers than non-smokers while the mean value of GDF-15 was of non-significant difference when compared with smokers and non-smokers (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of adiponectin when compared with the frequency (r=-0.364) and duration of smoking (r=-0.529) (p<0.05) respectively. On the other hand, the mean level of GDF-15 showed a significant negative association (r=-0.445 and p=0.040) between the duration of smoking and a non-significant negative correlation between smoking frequency (r=-0.265 and p=0.099).
Conclusion: The significant reduction in the mean levels of adiponectin amongst smokers and the significant negative correlation between serum level of GDF-15 and the duration of smoking among smokers suggests a high level of cardio-metabolic risk in cigarette smokers. Further cardiovascular related study of adiponectin and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 is recommended to buttress the cardio-metabolic potentials of adiponectin and GDF-15.
Keywords: Adiponectin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), cardiovascular diseases, cigarette smokers